Iibhetri ze-silicon-carbon: enye indlela ethembisayo ye-lithium

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ilizwe letekhnoloji yeselula libone ukuqhubela phambili okumangalisayo phantse kuyo yonke inkalo yoyilo lwesixhobo: imiboniso, iikhamera, uqhagamshelo, iiprosesa, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, i Ubomi bebhetri ibingumxholo osalindelweyo. Kulapho iibhetri ze-silicon-carbon zingena khona, uguquko oluzolileyo oluseta ukutshintsha umdlalo wee-smartphones kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane ezininzi.

Kutheni wonke umntu ethetha ngobu buchwepheshe? Ukutsiba kwesizukulwana abakuthembisayo ngokubhekiselele kwi iibhetri ze-lithium-ion-eyona ixhaphakileyo ngoku- ayisiyonto nje yokuthengisa. Iimpembelelo zabo zokwenyani sele zivakala kwiimodeli ezivela kwiimpawu ezinje ngeHlonipheko, iXiaomi, i-OnePlus, vivo, kunye neRealme, kunye neempawu eziphambili ezinje ngeSamsung kunye ne-Apple sele zibekiwe kubo. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni ebenza bahluke, bamalunga nantoni, kwaye baya kuwatshintsha njani amava akho eselula, qhubeka funda. Nalu olona hlalutyo lubanzi noluneenkcukacha ngeSpanish kwiibhetri zesilicon-carbon kunye nazo zonke iingenelo zazo.

Ziziphi iibhetri ze-silicon-carbon kwaye kutheni zavela?

Iibhetri ze-silicon-carbon ziye zavela njengenye indlela yokwenyani kwaye inamandla kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi iiselfowuni, iilaptops, iitablet, iiwotshi ezihlakaniphile kunye nakwizithuthi zombane. Uphuhliso lwayo luphendula ngokuthe ngqo kwimfuno ekhulayo yokuzimela okukhulu, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye noxinzelelo lwezixhobo ezincinci kunye nezikhaphukhaphu ngaphandle kokuncama umthamo.

Ukuze sisiqonde isizathu sokuba ibekho, kufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo loo nto iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezine-graphite anode, ngelixa bebengumgangatho othembekileyo, baye bafikelela kwinqanaba lokudodobala kwezobuchwepheshe. Umda wokuphucula ngokwemigaqo yobuninzi bamandla kunye ne-miniaturization iya isanda. Ngokwemigaqo yobugcisa, umthamo wokugcina ithiyori ye-graphite anode imalunga ne-372 mAh/g. Ukuguqulelwa kubomi bokwenyani, oku kuthetha ukuba ukonyusa ubomi bebhetri kubandakanya ukonyusa ubungakanani bebhetri, nto leyo engasoloko isenzeka kwifowuni ebhityileyo kakhulu okanye esongekayo.

Isisombululo sivela kwi-silicon kunye nekhabhoni, izinto esele ziyaziwa kwishishini, kodwa kude kube ngoku kunzima ukulungelelanisa ngempumelelo kwiimfuno zezixhobo eziphathekayo. Ukudibanisa kwabo kwenze ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukoyisa imida ebalulekileyo esiza kuyibona kumacandelo alandelayo.

Indlela iibhetri ze-silicon-carbon ezisebenza ngayo: Inzululwazi emva kohlaziyo

Xa ujonga kuqala, iibhetri zesilicon-carbon zilandela inkqubo efanayo njengebhetri ye-lithium-ion yemveli: ii-electrode ezimbini (i-anode kunye ne-cathode) ezahlulwe yi-electrolyte. iququzelela ukuhamba kwe-lithium ion ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha. Kodwa utshintsho olubalulekileyo lukwi-anode, inxalenye "embi" yebhetri.

Ngokwesiko, i-anode yenziwe ngegraphite, into ethi, nangona inokwethenjelwa kwaye ingabizi, inciphisa umthamo wokugcina i-lithium. Yena I-silicon, kwelinye icala, inokubamba ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha ali-10 ngaphezulu kwe-lithium ion ngeyunithi yobunzima kunegraphite. (ukufikelela kumthamo wethiyori we-4200 mAh / g). Oku kuvula ucango kwiibhetri ezixinene kakhulu zamandla.

Kodwa i-silicon ecocekileyo ine-drawback enkulu: Yandisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400% xa ithatha i-lithium ion ngexesha lokutshaja kunye neekontraki xa ikhupha.. Le nto, ekuhambeni kwexesha, yabangela ukuba iibhetri zenzeke ngokukhawuleza, zilahlekelwe amandla kunye nokuzinza.

Isitshixo siye saba ukudibanisa i-silicon kunye ne-nanostructured carbon structures. Ezi zisebenza njenge "skeleton" eguquguqukayo ethatha ukwandiswa kwe-silicon kwaye igcina isakhiwo se-anode sizinzile, ukuthintela ibhetri ekuthotyweni nasekuqinisekiseni ubomi obude. Ukongezelela, i-carbon iphucula ukuhanjiswa kombane kunye nokuzinza ngexesha lokuhlawulwa kunye nokukhupha imijikelezo.

Umxube we-silicon kunye nekhabhoni uvumela ukwenziwa kweebhetri ezilingana kwindawo enye njengangoku, kodwa ngomthamo omkhulu, okanye bagcina umthamo kunye nokuzuza kubhityile, olungele iiselfowuni ezicolekileyo kakhulu okanye ezisongekayo.

Izibonelelo eziphambili zeebhetri ze-silicon-carbon ngaphezu kweebhetri ze-lithium zendabuko

Inzuzo ephambili, kunye neyona nto ibonwa ngokukhawuleza ngabasebenzisi, bubomi bebhetri obuphuculweyo: iiyure ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwefowuni ephathwayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngeshaja. Kodwa kukho ezinye izibonelelo ezininzi ekufuneka ziphawulwe:

• Uxinaniso lwamandla oluphezulu: Iibhetri ze-silicon-carbon zigcina amandla amaninzi ngegram nganye, evumela ukwandisa umthamo ngaphandle kokubingelela ubungakanani okanye ubunzima.
• Ixesha elide lokusebenza ngentlawulo nganye: Kuvavanyo lokwenyani kunye nohlahlelo olunje nge-DxOMark eneetheminali ezifana ne-Honor X9c, kuyabonwa ukuba banokufikelela kwiintsuku ezine zokuzimela ngokusetyenziswa okuphakathi.
• Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza: Baxhasa amandla aphezulu kakhulu okutshaja (ezinye iimodeli zixhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100/120 W), kukuvumela ukuba uhlawule ifowuni yakho ngexesha elincinci kwaye ngaphandle komngcipheko wokushisa.
• Ubomi obude: Ziyakwazi ukumelana neentlawulo ezininzi kunye nemijikelo yokukhupha phambi kokuthotywa, ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yokutshintshwa rhoqo.
• Ikhuselekile: Ukubunjwa komzimba we-silicon-carbon anode kunciphisa ukuthambekela kokuqhuma kunye nokunciphisa ukutsha, kubenze bazinze ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kunye nemithwalo ekhawulezayo.
• Ukusebenza ngcono kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi: Benza ngcono kwiindawo ezibandayo, ukugcina uluhlu kunye namandla okutshaja xa iibhetri ezininzi zemveli zisilela okanye zilahlekelwa umthamo.
• Ukunciphisa iindleko kwixesha eliphakathi kwexesha elide: Imathiriyeli exabiso liphantsi kunye nokuqina okuphuculweyo kunokunceda, kwixesha elizayo, ukwenza izixhobo zifikeleleke kancinci okanye zenze utyalo-mali luxabiseke ngakumbi ngokomgangatho/ngexabiso.

Uphuhliso lwembali: ukusuka kwiimoto zombane ukuya kwii-smartphones

Umbono wokusebenzisa i-silicon kunye nekhabhoni kwi-anode yebhetri ayiyonto intsha kwaphela. Ngapha koko, uphando lwaqala ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi edlulileyo kwiidyunivesithi ezinjengeStanford, kodwa eyona mpembelelo yavela kushishino lweemoto, ngakumbi kwicandelo leemoto zombane.

Iimveliso ezifana noTesla zazingoovulindlela ekubandakanyeni le teknoloji kwiimodeli ezifana ne Umzekelo 3 ukususela ngo-2016, ukufuna ukuzimela okukhulu kwizithuthi ngaphandle kokunyusa ubukhulu okanye ubunzima beebhetri. Ukutsibela kwicandelo elihambahambayo kube yinto yendalo, njengoko imingeni yobumbano, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye namandla zixhaphakile.

Ukutsiba okukhulu kwentengiso kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kwaqala ngo-2023 ngoHlonipheko kunye nochungechunge lwayo lweMagic5, eyayiyeyokuqala ukuphehlelela iifowuni ezineebhetri ze-silicon-carbon kwinqanaba elikhulu. Kungekudala emva koko, ezinye iibhrendi ezinje ngeXiaomi, Vivo, OPPO, Realme, kunye neLenovo bajoyine umkhwa, baqalisa izixhobo ngobu buchwepheshe kwaye bebonisa ukuba ayisebenzi kuluhlu lweprimiyamu kuphela, kodwa nakukhuphiswano oluphakathi.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neemodeli sele zikhetha iibhetri ze-silicon-carbon.

Phantse zonke iimpawu eziphambili zaseTshayina ziye zaphuhliswa, mhlawumbi ngentsebenziswano okanye ngokuzimeleyo, iinguqulelo zabo zeebhetri ze-silicon-carbon anode. Nazi ezinye zazo ezibalaseleyo kwimbonakalo yomhlaba yangoku:

• Imbeko: ubuvulindlela "Ichibi leQinghai" ubuchwepheshe bebhetri obusetyenziswa kuthotho lweMagic5 kunye neHonor 200 kunye ne200 Pro iimodeli zothotho, ukufikelela kwisakhono se-5.450mAh kwindawo enye ebigcinelwe malunga ne-5.100mAh, kunye nokuphucula ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100W.
• IHuawei: ifake iibhetri eziphezulu zesilicone kwiimodeli ezifana neHuawei Mate Xs 2, ifikelela kwi-4.880 mAh kwimizimba emincinci kakhulu, isebenzisa izakhiwo zokugquma ikhabhoni kunye nokwandisa uzinzo kunye nobomi.
• Xiaomi: Ngebhetri ye "Jinshajiang" kwi-Xiaomi 14 Ultra, bafikelela kwi-5.300 mAh ngobuninzi bamandla kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani be-8% xa kuthelekiswa nezizukulwana ezidlulileyo.
• OnePlus/OPPO: Ibhetri "yeGlacier", ephuhliswe ngeCATL, iqhayisa nge-6.100 mAh kwi-Ace 3 Pro kunye ne-100W yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, inika ukusebenza kakuhle kwimizimba ehlangeneyo.
• I-Realme: idibanisa i-"Energy Battery" kwi-GT6, ene-5.800 mAh kunye ne-120W yobuchwepheshe bokutshaja obukhawulezayo.
• Uyaphila: Ithembele kwi-"Blue Ocean Battery", ethi kwi-X100 Pro ifikelele kwi-5.400 mAh, ikhulisa ukuxinana kwamandla kwaye ivumela isantya esiphezulu sokutshaja.
• Lenovo: Igqame nge "Xinghai Battery", eyamkelwe kuluhlu lwe-Moto Razr 50 Ultra, ifikelela kwi-4.000 mAh kwiifowuni ezisongayo ezilula kakhulu.

Ukongeza kwezi, ezinye iimveliso ezinje ngeRealme, Vivo, OPPO, kwaye kungekudala iSamsung kunye neApple, basebenzela ukudibanisa iibhetri zesilicon-carbon kukhupho lwabo oluzayo.

Uthelekiso olusebenzayo: imizekelo yokuzimela kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwiiselfowuni zangoku

Idatha esebenzayo ixhasa ukongama kweebhetri ze-silicon-carbon ngaphezu kweebhetri ze-lithium ezine-graphite anode. Umzekelo:

• I-Honor X9c ifezekisa ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-42 zexesha lokuthetha kunye ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezine zokusetyenziswa okuphakathi kwintlawulo enye, ukumelana neentsuku ezimbini zokusetyenziswa ngamandla kunye neeyure ezisixhenxe zexesha lesikrini semihla ngemihla.
• I-Honor Magic 5 Pro (uguqulelo lwesiTshayina) inyusa umthamo ukuya kwi-5.450mAh kwindawo efanayo ne-5.100mAh yoguqulelo lwamazwe ngamazwe (ibhetri ye-lithium yemveli), kunye neentlawulo ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-80% kwimizuzu engama-42 kwi-66W.
• I-OnePlus Ace 3 Pro inikezela nge-6.100 mAh kwifom yefom ye-compact, igcina ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo kunye nokubonelela ubomi bebhetri obungakaze bubonwe kwiifowuni eziphezulu.
• Ibhetri ye "Glacier" ikuvumela ukuba uhlawule ngokupheleleyo ifowuni yakho ngemizuzu nje engama-36, into ebingenakucingelwa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.
• I-Realme GT6 inokuhlawulisa i-50% kwimizuzu nje eli-12, enkosi ngokudityaniswa okusebenzayo kwezixhobo zayo kunye nee-algorithms zolawulo lwamandla obukrelekrele.

Oku kuvula amathuba amatsha kubasebenzisi beselula abanamandla (umdlalo, abaphembeleli, abasebenzi abakude, njl.njl.), abanokuthi ngoku bachithe iiyure besenza, bedlala, okanye basebenze ngaphandle kokuhlala benexhala lokutshaja.

Ukusebenza kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwizixhobo ezisongelwayo okanye ezicwecwe kakhulu

Enye yezinto ezingaxoxwanga kangako, kodwa izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zeebhetri ze-silicon-carbon zezazo uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko kwiindawo zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo, ngakumbi kubushushu obuphantsi.

Ngokolwazi oluvela kumajelo akhethekileyo, iifowuni eziphathwayo zixhotyiswe ngezi bhetri Ziyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe -20°C kunye ne45°C, apho iibhetri zemveli ngaphambili zabona ukuzimela kwazo kuncipha kakhulu kwaye zinokuyeka ukusebenza okanye zonakaliswe ngokungenakulungiseka.

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumazwe okanye kwiindawo ezinobusika obunzima., okanye kwabo bahamba rhoqo kwaye bafuna izixhobo zabo ukuze bangabaphoxi.

Ngaphaya koko, ubukhulu obuncitshisiweyo bukwenza kube lula ukuyila ii-smartphones ezisongekayo ezigcina ubomi bebhetri obulungileyo ngaphandle kokuncama ukuqina okanye ukuphatheka.

Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nenkqubela phambili yobugcisa: ukusuka kwi-nanotechnology ukuya kuyilo lwesakhiwo

Ukuphuhliswa kweebhetri ze-silicon-carbon kuye kwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe-nanotechnology kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo eziguquguqukayo nezizinzileyo kwinqanaba le-microscopic. Phakathi kwezinto ezintsha eziphawulekayo zezi:

• I-porous carbon "skeletons" efunxa ukwandiswa kwe-silicon, evumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kokuphuka.
• Ubuchwephesha bokugquma ubuso obuphucula ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuthintela ukuthotywa ngenxa yemijikelo yokutshaja.
• Izibophelelo eziguquguqukayo kunye nezintsha ezibamba i-silicon / i-carbon particles kunye ngaphandle kokwandiswa kwe-cyclic kunye nokunciphisa.
• Ii-algorithms ezikrelekrele kunye nesoftware yolawulo yenza ngcono ukusebenza ngokulungelelanisa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhupha kwiimpawu ezizodwa zebhetri nganye kunye nomsebenzisi.

Ngokukodwa, Itekhnoloji efana ne-situ vapour deposition ye-nanosilicon kunye nodibaniso lwe-lithium foil Ubuchwephesha obongezelelweyo buye benza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% emva kwemijikelo yokutshaja eyi-1.600, amanani adlula kude imigangatho yangaphambili.

Amathemba ekamva: malunga nokwamkelwa ngobuninzi

Ukwamkelwa kweebhetri ze-silicon-carbon kusaguquguquka ngokupheleleyo. Okwangoku, izixhobo ezininzi eziphakathi kunye neziphezulu ezivela kwiimpawu zaseTshayina sele zibafake, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2025 ziya kuqala ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ezininzi nakwiimpawu zaseNtshona. Imithombo yoshishino ibonisa ukuba i-Samsung kunye ne-Apple sele besebenza ngokukhutheleyo ekuphuhliseni iibhetri ze-silicon-carbon kwiiflegi zabo zexesha elizayo.

Ukongeza, utyalo-mali lwezigidi zeedola luyenziwa kuphando ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukubunjwa kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa, eya kunciphisa iindleko kunye nedemokhrasi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwii-smartphones ezifikelelekayo kunye nezinye izixhobo, ezinje ngee-smartwatches, iitafile, kunye neemveliso ezizisebenzelayo zasekhaya.

Umlinganiselo wonyaka wophuculo kwi amandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kumalunga ne-10% ngokwabenzi, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa uphawu lwe-7.000 mAh luya kugqithiswa kwiifowuni ezinobungakanani obuqhelekileyo.

Ubunzima obukhoyo kunye nemingeni: ixabiso, ilayisensi kunye nokufumaneka

Ayikho yonke into yegolide okanye, kunoko, i-lithium ecwebezelayo okanye i-silicon. Owona mqobo wangoku wokwamkelwa jikelele kweebhetri zesilicon-carbon yi indleko. Izizukulwana zokuqala zisafuna iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezintsonkothileyo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, iintlawulo eziduru kakhulu zeelayisenisi kwiinkampani ezinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wobugcisa.

Oku kuthetha ukuba, ubuncinci kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, Siza kuyibona le teknoloji ikakhulu kwiimodeli zodidi oluphezulu okanye oluphakathi., de uqoqosho lwesikali kunye nokuphelelwa kwamanye amalungelo abenzi kuvumele ukufika kwayo ngezixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ukuveliswa kobuninzi kufuna ukufikelela kwizinto ezicocekileyo eziphakamileyo kunye neendlela eziphambili ze-nanotechnology, enokuthi inciphise unikezelo okwethutyana kwaye yenze imveliso yokugqibela ibize kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, imeko icacile: imfuno evela kubasebenzisi kunye neempawu ziya kuqhuba kancinci kancinci iindleko kwaye zonyuse ubukho babo kwimarike yehlabathi.

Amava omsebenzisi: iya kubutshintsha njani ubomi babathengi bemihla ngemihla

Into ebalulekileyo ekugqibeleni yindlela ephucula ngayo ubomi bomsebenzisi oqhelekileyo. Izibonelelo zeebhetri ze-silicon-carbon zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngokukhululeka, ukungakhathali kunye nokusebenza kakuhle:

• Hamba ixesha elide ngaphandle kokutshaja ifowuni yakho: libala ngokuhlala ukhangela iivenkile okanye uphethe iibhanki zamandla kuyo yonke indawo.
• Izixhobo ezibhityileyo, ezikhaphukhaphu, nezinamandla ngakumbi: Inkululeko enkulu yoyilo kubavelisi, abaya kukwazi ukuphehlelela i-foldable, i-ultra-thin, okanye iiselfowuni ezinemodyuli ezongezelelweyo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ubomi bebhetri.
• Ukongezwa okukhawulezileyo: ikhefu lekofu kunye nefowuni yakho iya kuhlawuliswa ngokupheleleyo, okanye phantse.
• Ubomi obude benkonzo: iifowuni zenkonzo ezimbalwa kunye nenkunkuma encinci yezobuchwepheshe, ekwanceda indalo.
• Ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo: umngcipheko omncinci wokushisa, uqhushumbo okanye umonakalo ongalindelekanga.
• Ukusebenza ngcono kusetyenziso olumandla: Nokuba uyadlala, uyasebenza, okanye wenza iividiyo, ibhetri iya kuhlala nawe, hayi ngenye indlela.

Ngaphaya koko, ukusungulwa kwe-silicon-carbon kuvula umnyango kwizicelo ezitsha kwi-automation yasekhaya, iimoto, izinto ezinxitywayo, kwaye, ewe, utshintsho lokuhamba kombane.

Ukufika kweebhetri ze-silicon-carbon kubonisa ukutsiba okusemgangathweni kwindaleko yetekhnoloji yeselula kunye ne-elektroniki yabathengi. Ngaphandle kwamanani kunye nobuchwephesha, impembelelo yayo yokwenyani ilele ekunikeni ukuzimela okuchukumisayo, ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo, kunye namava akhuseleke kakhulu nahlala ixesha elide. Abavelisi abakhulu sele bekhuphisana ukukhokela eli xesha litsha, kwaye abasebenzisi kungekudala baya kukwazi ukonwabela ngakumbi, iifowuni eziphathwayo ezizinzileyo ezilungele imingeni yekamva ledijithali.